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China Economic Forecasts and Risk Ratings

Mainland China’s economic growth soared in the first quarter of 2021, owing to continued recovery and extreme low base effect.

Mainland China’s economy continued to recover in the first quarter of 2021. Real GDP surged 18.3% year on year (y/y) in the quarter, up from 6.5% y/y in the fourth quarter of 2020. The first quarter’s growth marked the highest quarterly year-on-year rate of expansion in mainland China’s quarterly GDP data reporting history. The elevated growth was mostly owing to extreme low base effect, as mainland China’s economic output cratered in the first quarter of 2020, owing to the draconian lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comparing real GDP of the first quarter of 2021 with that of the pre-pandemic first quarter of 2019, mainland China’s economy grew at a more muted rate of 10.3%, or a compound average annual growth rate of 5.0% over the two years. 

To learn more, visit the China Regional Service.

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China’s Near-Term Economic Outlook

  • Mainland China’s economy in the first quarter of 2021 grew at a record pace from 2020, owing to continued economic recovery and extreme low base effect.
  • Industrial sector continued to lead the recovery over the service sector on the supply side, as industrial sector activities are less restricted by pandemic control measures. 
  • The supply-demand gap will keep consumer price inflation pressure at bay, despite rising producer price inflation. The unwinding of mainland China’s stimulus measures should also keep inflation under control.

China real GDP growth, percent change from prior year, historic and forecast, 2018Q1-2025Q4 and consumer inflation

Country Risk Rating for China

The Communist Party of China’s (CPC) long-term policy – the “2035 Long-Range vision” – emphasizes the long-term goal of becoming a “modernized socialist society”, as well as “dual circulation”, which places greater emphasis on developing domestic markets and industries. China’s 2021 goals highlight technological innovation as a “core position” in China’s development strategy. The government’s short-term priority continues to focus on the recovery of key livelihood indicators under the “six guarantees” framework while preventing further waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).


A note on our risk ratings: S&P Global derives country risk ratings for 206 countries, based on six separate ratings in each country: Political, economic, legal, tax, operational and security with 22 detailed sub-aggregate risks. These ratings allow you to quantify risk with greater specificity with a scoring system based on a 0.1-10 logarithmic scale. Seven risk bands, from low to extreme, allow you to compare and contrast risk between countries and regions.

See how the S&P Global economics and country risk team works with you

Watch this short video to see how our experts helped a customer strategic planning team choose a Southeast Asian manufacturing location.

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