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CEH Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)

Chemical Economics Handbook

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Published April 2024

Sodium carbonate, also known as disodium carbonate or soda ash, is a member of the chlor-alkali chemical family and competes with caustic soda as a source of alkali (sodium oxide) in many processes. Commercial soda ash is highly purified and is sold in various grades that differ primarily in bulk density. Sodium carbonate is produced synthetically and from natural resources (primarily trona). In 2024, synthetic methods account for about 67% of production, but production from natural resources has recently increased the fastest, led by increased capacity in mainland China.

Northeast Asia (led by mainland China), North America (led by the United States) and the Middle East (led by Turkey) are the world’s leading producing regions. Production will increase the fastest in mainland China and the United States in 2024–29, while production in Western Europe will continue to decline. Production in Central Europe and Africa will grow only marginally.

The following chart shows world consumption of sodium carbonate:

The leading consuming regions are Northeast Asia (led by mainland China), North America, Western Europe and the Indian Subcontinent (led by India). The leading applications for sodium carbonate are the production of glass, chemicals, soaps and detergents (including STPP), and alumina and metals mining. Use in the production of lithium carbonate is the fastest-growing application, primarily in the production of lithium-ion batteries. The production of glass accounts for about 60% of global sodium carbonate consumption in 2024; all applications are forecast to grow during 2024–29, with overall consumption increasing at 2%-3% per year.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – CEH Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

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S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – CEH Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

This report can help you

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations, and other factors on chemical profitability
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Table of contents

Executive summary 6
Summary 7
Capacity 8
Production 10
Consumption 11
Price 14
Trade 15
Introduction 17
Manufacturing processes 18
Natural 18
Synthetic 19
Solvay (ammonia soda) process 19
Hou process 22
Other processes 22
Industry structure 23
Production economics 23
Barriers to entry/exit 23
Environmental issues 24
Supply and demand by region 25
World 25
Capacity 25
Salient statistics 28
Consumption 29
Glass 31
STPP, soaps and detergents 33
Chemicals 34
Alumina and metal mining 36
Lithium carbonate 36
Pulp and paper 36
Other 36
Trade 37
North America 37
Overview 37
Capacity 37
Salient statistics 38
Consumption 38
Trade 40
United States 40
Producing companies 40
Salient statistics 41
Consumption 42
Trade 44
Canada 44
Producing companies 44
Salient statistics 45
Consumption 45
Trade 46
Mexico 47
Producing companies 47
Salient statistics 47
Consumption 48
Trade 49
Central and South America 49
Producing companies 49
Salient statistics 50
Consumption 50
Trade 52
Western Europe 52
Producing companies 52
Salient statistics 54
Consumption 55
Trade 56
Central and Eastern Europe 56
Producing companies 56
Salient statistics 58
Consumption 58
Trade 60
CIS and Baltic States 60
Producing companies 60
Salient statistics 61
Consumption 62
Trade 64
Middle East 64
Producing companies 64
Salient statistics 66
Consumption 67
Trade 68
Africa 68
Producing companies 68
Salient statistics 70
Consumption 71
Trade 72
Indian Subcontinent 72
Producing companies 72
Salient statistics 74
Consumption 74
Trade 76
Northeast Asia 76
Mainland China 76
Producing companies 76
Salient statistics 77
Consumption 78
Trade 80
Japan 80
Producing companies 80
Salient statistics 80
Consumption 81
Trade 82
Other Northeast Asia 83
Producing companies 83
Salient statistics 83
Consumption 84
Trade 86
Southeast Asia 86
Producing companies 86
Salient statistics 87
Consumption 87
Trade 89
Additional resources 90
Revisions 91
Data Workbook 92

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